Marijuana Legalization 2016: A Voter Guide

When you buy through links on our internet site , we may earn an affiliate commission . Here ’s how it works .

Voters in nine state will have the opportunity this year to decide whether they desire to legalize the recreational ormedical use of marijuana .

Marijuana is still classified as aSchedule I drugby the Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA ) , meaning the national way views it as a nub with high potential drop for abuse and psychological orphysical habituation . As such , marihuana is illegal under Union jurisprudence .

A prescription pad, and marijuana

But that has n’t stopped states from legalizing marijuana within their borders . In 2013 , the Department of Justiceissued a memoin response to the increasing state - story trend toward legitimation stating that the Union government earmark the rightfulness to police force marijuana when State Department legalisation interfere with the government ’s priorities , such as keeping pot out of the hands of tike or keep the drug from crossing state lines . However , the memo made clear that if states strictly modulate their marijuana markets to foreclose problems , the DOJ would not step in .

But what on the dot does a vote for , or against , the legalization of marijuana intend ? And what shock might this legislation have ? Here is an at - a - coup d’oeil templet at the state vote and the issues on the table .

Which states are voting on marijuana?

Five states are vote on whether to legalise marijuana for recreational use by grownup . They are :

Four states are voting on aesculapian marijuana initiatives in 2016 . They are :

Which states have already legalized marijuana?

Any province that decriminalize unpaid marijuana this yr would join Alaska , Washington , Oregon , Colorado and Washington , D.C. , in allowing grownup to use the drug .

The sound usance of marijuana for medical understanding is more widespread , with the keep an eye on states grant it : Alaska , Arizona , California , Colorado , Connecticut , Delaware , Hawaii , Illinois , Louisiana , Maine , Maryland , Massachusetts , Michigan , Minnesota , Montana , Nebraska , New Hampshire , New Jersey , New York , Oregon , Pennsylvania , Rhode Island , Vermont , Washington and West Virginia .

Arguments for marijuana legalization

Keeping Cannabis sativa illegal is costly : Proponents for the legalization of marijuana loosely reason that prohibition of the drug is more harmful than a sound , regulated mart . The protagonism organization NORML cites the high bit of Americans who have been arrested for marihuana - related offenses since 1985 as evidence that criminalisation harm citizens while doing little to reduce the availability of marijuana . According to the American Civil Liberties Union,52 percent of all drug arrestsnationwide in 2010 were for marijuana ; between 2001 and 2010 , 8.2 million people were arrested on marijuana - bear on flush , with 88 percent of those apprehension for simple possession ( a sound terminus that means have a modest amount of marijuana ) . The ACLU also found that blacks and Patrick Victor Martindale White apply marijuana with equal relative frequency , but blacks are closely four time more potential than whites to be arrested on marijuana charges .

legitimation does n’t start a wave a teenaged habit : exponent also argue that legitimation does not make teenagers more likely to employ marijuana , which is often given as a reason against legitimation . One studythat looked at this dubiousness ground that teenaged use of marijuana in Colorado did not change significantly before and after the state legitimatize the drug . In 2009 , the sketch line up , 43 percent of stripling said they ’d tried marijuana at least once , and 25 percent said they ’d used it in the preceding 30 days . In 2015 , after legalization , 38 percent of teenager tell they ’d ever strain marijuana and 21 percent said they had used it within the last 30 days . On middling , 21.2 percent of Colorado teens said they were current potty substance abuser , compared with 21.7 percent across the country . There has been a chemise in Colorado stripling towardseeing marijuana use as less wild , from 54 percent who saw it as risky in 2013 to 28 percent in 2015 , the research worker note .

" Just from a logical viewpoint , properly now marijuana is very easy for small fry to get because it ’s not baffle , " pronounce Morgan Fox , a voice for the Marijuana Policy Project , an advocacy organization that promotes marijuana legalization . People who sell Illegal drugs are incentivized not only to sell to Kid , Fox said , but to enroll them to sell marijuana , too . In contrast , regulated marijuana retailer are at risk of exposure of miss their license and livelihood if they betray to check id .

a teenage girl takes a pill

Arguments against marijuana legalization

The drug may affect people ’s brains : opponent of marijuana legalization argue that marijuana is , in fact , dangerous . Opponents commonlycite a 1996 studyfrom the Journal of the American Medical Association ( JAMA ) that compared 65 college students who smoked marijuana most every day to 64 who smoked only a few days a month and those who did not smoke at all . Heavy users were more impaired than weak users a twenty-four hour period after fume on tasks that required attention and executive function . The finding stay even after controlling for estimated levels of pre - pot cognitive operation , the researchers reported , though it was not clear whether the impairment was due to residual effects of marijuana , withdrawal from the drug or neurotoxicity .

drive while in high spirits : opposition also cite the dangers of driving while gamy as reasonableness not to legalize marijuana . According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse , marijuana intoxication does impair drive ability , and marijuana is the center most frequently found in the line of driver who have had accidents . It is not always clear what part marijuana plays in stroke , in part because exploiter often combine it with alcoholic beverage . However , the combining of the two appears riskier than either substance alone .

What medical groups say

The American Association of Pediatrics pit legalization of marijuana for both recreational or medical use , but support the decriminalization of marijuana to reduce the penalties for marijuana offenses .

" We know marijuana can be very harmful to adolescent wellness and development , " Dr. Seth D. Ammerman , a member of the AAP Committee on Substance Abuse and an author of governing body ’s 2015 insurance command , said in a news waiver . " Making it more uncommitted to adults – even if restrictions are in piazza – will increase the access for teen . Just the cause to legalize marijuana can have the effect of persuading adolescents that marijuana is not grave , which can have a devastating impact on their lifelong wellness and evolution . "

The American Medical Association reaffirmed its opponent to marijuana legalization in 2013 , butamended its policy statementto emphasize " public - health - ground strategies " or else of punitive overture like incarceration for bring down role . The organization also reaffirmed its opposition to legalizing marijuana for aesculapian economic consumption in 2013 , but called for further discipline of marijuana and cannabinoid compound as pharmaceuticals .

A woman holds her baby as they receive an MMR vaccine

Some influential medico do support marijuana legitimation . TheCalifornia Medical Associationannounced support for the legitimation of marijuana in 2011 , in part to improve access for physicians who wanted to research the medicinal issue of the drug . ( As a docket I drug , cannabis is available only on a modified basis for research purposes . ) In addition , the groupDoctors for Cannabis Regulationformed this year , burst with prescribed AMA policy . Its founders include former U.S. Surgeon General Dr. Joycelyn Elders and Dr. H. Westley Clark , past director of the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment at the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration .

What do we really know about marijuana’s health effects?

Research on thehealth effects of marijuanamakes clear why advocate and opponents of legalisation often seem to be talking about a dissimilar drug . Individual studies dissent on profound solvent , like whether overweight marijuana use shrinks the teen wit , mean that it ’s easy for both side to cerise - pick solvent .

For instance : A 2014 study in the daybook Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reason out that the drug reduce volumes of gray matter in the orbitofrontal cerebral cortex , but a 2015 study that compared siblings and twins who used pot with those who did n’t practice the drug and ascertain that the encephalon effects seemed more linked to pre - existing conditions than to the good deal itself . Heavy can substance abuser had smaller volumes than nonusers in the corpus amygdaloideum , a brain neighborhood associated with veneration and reward , and the right ventral striatum , another reward - related region . But their siblings , who shared their genes and surroundings , also showed smaller volumes in those region , researchers reported in the journal JAMA Psychiatry . Other research suggests that marijuana interacts with unlike genius , well — differently . And it ’s hard to know who is at jeopardy .

" Because of diversity in genetic constitution and environs , one individual ’s dough may be another ’s poison , " Dr. David Goldman , a neurogeneticist , pen in an editorial accompanying the 2015 study .

Close up of a medical professional holding a syringe drawing vaccine from a vial to prepare for injection.

Very few high - quality studies have been done to analyze theeffect of marijuana on intelligence operation . The drug intelligibly affects memory , learning and attending in the short terminus , but long - term studies have returned conflicting results . A2012 studypublished in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences play along 1,037 New Zealanders from nascence to age 38 and found that the participants ' IQs flatten , on medium , about 6 points after they started using marijuana . Another study , put out in 2016 , keep up marijuana drug user and nonusers into midway years and found that the only effect of marijuana use over time was worsened verbal memory . Meanwhile , another study in 2016compared twin users and nonusersand found , like the 2015 sibling study , that intelligence information declines were excuse by shared environment and genes , not pot enjoyment .

Regular marijuana smoking damages lung tissue and can make chronic bronchitis , according to a 2013 reviewin the Annals of the American Thoracic Society . Heavy utilisation may increase cancer hazard or other lung diseases , but the risks appear less serious than those triggered by baccy smoking .

Cannabis seems to inhibit the immune system in mice , harmonize to a 2010 study .

A large group of people marches at the Stand Up For Science rally