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Divers excavating an underwater cave in Mexico have discover the bones of giant marrow eaters that lived there during the last ice long time , a new study report .
The finding is remarkable , because few ancient animal remains survive in Mexico ’s hot , tropical climate . But these ancient beasts , the short - faced bear ( Arctotherium wingei ) and the wolf - likeProtocyon troglodytes , fell to their deaths in a deep cave , which was flooded soon after . As a result , their finger cymbals were preserved in pristine condition , the researcher said .
A diver shows the skull and vertebra of an extinct canid known asProtocyonfound underwater in Yucatán, Mexico.
Both of these coinage were far from what scientists had considered the brute ' nursing home . antecedently , the creature were have it off only from South America . This determination shows that they also last much farther north , or more than 1,200 miles ( 2,000 kilometers ) away from their known habitat , about the space from Boston to Miami . [ pic : These Animals Used to Be elephantine ]
diver found the beast pearl in Hoyo Negro , a completely submerse colliery inside the Sac Actun cave system in the eastern Yucatán Peninsula . Hoyo Negro is renowned for itsanicent human remains ; in 2007 , divers found the skull and bones of a teenage girl who lived about 12,000 to 13,000 year ago .
The daughter ’s bones , as well as those of the animals — including tapirs , sabre - toothed cat , cougars , elephant relation known as gomphotheres , bear and canids — were well preserved . That ’s because rising sea levels at the end of the last ice age flooded the cave , turning them into a low - oxygen environment that was favorable for bone preservation , enjoin study lead paleontologist Blaine Schubert , executive manager at the Center of Excellence in Paleontology at East Tennessee State University .
A diver holds the skull of an ancient bear known as anArctotherium.
However , because much of the aid pay toHoyo Negro ’s bonesfocused on the teenage girl ’s remains , some of the animate being were misidentified , Schubert said . Previously , the bear was erroneously placed in the genusTremarctosand the wolf - like species was thought to be the coyoteCanis latrans . The fresh study sets the criminal record heterosexual , Schubert said .
Since the initial dig , divers have discover even more bones . Researchers now have the clappers of one , possibly two individuals of the canid and at least seven of the short - faced bear , which particular date to thelate Pleistocene , about 11,300 years ago .
" The whole previous record of this particular character of bear is just known from a few localities in South America , and those are fragmental remains , " Schubert recount Live Science . " So , we went from not having any of this character of bear outside of South America to now having the best record of this type of bear from the Yucatán of Mexico . "
The diver carefully puts theArctotheriumskull in a container.
Exploring north and south
The discovery also sheds Christ Within on the Great American Biotic Interchange ( GABI ) , which took place when North America unite to South America and animals from each region crossed over into new land . Most scientist think that this connectionhappened about 2.5 million to 3 million geezerhood ago , Schubert state .
During one of these other crosswalk , the North American short - faced bear go down to South America , as did the wolf - like canid . These ancestors then evolved into the new coinage that were found in the cave , which , until now , scientists had never seen outside of South America .
So , how didA. wingeiand the wolf - similar brute end up in Mexico ? One idea is that they were able-bodied to recross that nation bridge deck from South America into North America at a later time , Schubert said . However , it ’s also possible that when the bear and canid were hail down to South America , some of them stayed in Mexico , the investigator noted . [ 10 Extinct Giants That Once Roamed North America ]
Only one living congeneric of the short - face bear currently lives in South America : the monocled bear ( Tremarctos ornatus ) . This bear has never been found outside of South America . The unexampled evidence suggests that ’s becauseA. wingeiwas lug its way , in all probability direct up the same home ground and eating the same food that the monocled bear needed to survive , Schubert say . " Perhaps they created a barrier , " he said .
The researchers did an impressive line of work of correctly identifying the bear and canid mintage , state Ross MacPhee , conservator of mammalogy and craniate zoology at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City , who was not demand in the study .
The subject highlight how utilitarian theseunderwater sitesare , especially in the red-hot , slopped tropics where ancient bones usually degrade , Ross told Live Science . " you’re able to get a probe into the yesteryear that you do n’t unremarkably expect to get , and that ’s the great matter about these caves in the Yucatán . "
The study was bring out online yesterday ( May 1 ) in the journalBiology Letters .
Originally publish onLive Science .
