When it was first built in 1821, the Eastern State Penitentiary stood as the future in prison reform. Now, the fortress stands in decay.
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From 1829 to 1971 , the Eastern State Penitentiary run as one of the most far-famed and most expensive prison in account . The Penitentiary hold up such outlaw as Al " Scarface " Capone and savings bank robber " Slick " Willie .
But the prison house was n’t just known for its towering steeple and its resume of inmate ; the Eastern State Penitentiary was illustrious because it was supposed to be the first true prison to urge penance in criminals .
Eastern State Penitentiary is a former American prison located at 2027 Fairmount Avenue in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. You can visit it today.
Unfortunately , it fell gruesomely short of this aspiration .
Guards fabricate their own medieval practices , like " unhinged chairs " and an iron gag , and the prison that was designed to instigate atonement begat madness . Cells that were crafted for person were satiate with multiple inmates and overcrowding soon spelled the deterioration of the prison house itself .
Needless to say , the Eastern State Penitentiary devolved into an abysmal bankruptcy .
The Eastern State Penitentiary Is A Marvel Of Design
Wikimedia CommonsAn 1855 lithograph of the prison ’s structure which would serve as a theoretical account for hundred of late prisons .
Before the American Revolution , crimes in the colonies were punishable by amercement or by physical mean — often in populace . Crude prison house survive only to check malefactor until they went to trial .
But in the 1780s , a team of mind that include Benjamin Franklin and Dr. Benjamin Rush met to discuss a new and better way to allot with criminals .
They brainstorm an idea that would put inmates into closing off so that they could meditate on their crimes and become ruthful . They start to experiment with this theory atPhiladelphia ’s Walnut Street Jailuntil mental synthesis began on the Eastern State Penitentiary get down in 1822 .
Architect John Haviland plan the innovative layout . It consisted of seven wings of individual cellblocks branching outwards from a fundamental hub like a wagon wheel .
The exterior looked like a neogothic castle with an enforce frontal and safety equipment towers . Every fleck of its design was made with the intention of inspiring speculation and remorse .
It was the first prison to employ solitary travail as a agency of reflection . The individual cellphone featured vault cap with one skylight to symbolize the invariant comportment of the light from heaven . Each cadre had a Good Book .
The design was inspired by a monastery of sorts — but with a medieval facade . Prisoners would drop up to 23 60 minutes in full isolation , save for the guards and overseers . Prisoners were never meant to interact with one another .
When the Eastern State Penitentiary opened in 1829 , it proved to be a wonder of aim . It had central heating and take to the woods piddle in each of the cells . Ironically , these luxuries did not even exist yet in President Andrew Jackson ’s White House .
Notable Happenings At The Penitentiary
The Eastern State Penitentiary ’s first yard bird was a farmer convicted of theft , Charles Williams .
Guards see him inside the edifice with a toughie send over his head which became common practice for two reason : for one , it protected William ’s namelessness , and two , it prevented his leak as he would not see the prison house ’s layout .
But in 1833 , four years after it first open a public scandal rock the prison when an con key out Mathias Maccumsey pass away . Prison functionary had reportedly subject him to the Fe gag , a torture equipment used to preclude talking .
The atomic number 26 gag , however , was far from the only form of tortureguards had recur to . Prisoners were dip into trash - stale water , then hang overnight on a rampart . This was particularly pop in the wintertime months when a layer of ice would imprint on the prisoner ’s skin before cockcrow .
Guards also whip inmate into " mad chairman . " Prisoners were bind so tightly that the belittled movements became insufferable . The prisoners were then forget there for twenty-four hours without nutrient and misfortunate rip circulation , which by nature take them to madness .
Over the row of its use , the Penitentiary crumbled due to overcrowding . By the 1850s , the pen had all but abandoned the idea of hermit and by the 1860s , a unmarried cell began to entertain multiple prisoners .
By 1926 , the prison house meant to hold 250 prisoners in full isolation , was burst with 1,700 .
Notable Inmates
The prison housed both men and women , and perhaps the most famous gangster in history , Al Capone . He was sentenced for a class in 1929 on a gun charge and was released two months early for safe behavior .
A replication ofCapone ’s cell in the Penitentiary appear munificent .
Indeed , Capone was leave to decorate his cell with framed prowess , a rug , a smoking stand , bloom , and even a phonograph and radio .
Another famous yardbird was the notorious bank robber Willie Sutton . Called " Slick Willie " for his ability to rip - off banking company courteously , he was also known for many convincing disguises .
Sutton get away Eastern State Penitentiary — along with 11 others — by mean value of a tunnel on April 3 , 1945 .
The tunnel itselfwas an telling feat of subterranean engineeringthat take close to a year to get the picture , and the escape stay one of the most dazzling in history .
Even so , guards collar Sutton just three minutes after his escape and placed him in one of thesecret solitary confinement cellsknown as " The Klondikes " or " The Hole . "
Suttonwould laterappear in a commercial for , no kidding , a bank .
The Modern Museum
jpstjohn / FlickrNature engage over the former rec room of Eastern State Penitentiary .
The prison faced a series of bacchanalia throughout its operation . In 1933 , inmates rioted due to overcrowding and typeset fire to their jail cell .
For one thing , the Penitentiary was ab initio built on farmland , but by this metre , Philadelphia had expound so that middle - course of instruction home surrounded the prison house . Between the riots and the prison house ’s impairment itself , the safety of the locality was at stake .
The prison was formally closed in 1970 and its inmates move to surrounding facility . Then it stood uninfluenced for over 20 years and slow deteriorate to well-nigh - ruin .
Today , the Eastern State Penitentiary functions as part - ruin and part - museum with interactional and online tours useable . Some parts of the prison have been and will continue to be restored , but there are no plans to restore the integral building .
Visitors can cheat through the halls of the huge prison house and witness the decay for themselves . And because of the taradiddle of torture and madness , the prison was heel onTIME magazine ’s lean of dismay haunts .
Cellblock 12 is allegedly known for its cackling echoes and Cellblock 6 is said to sport darting , vague figures . The museum itself , however , does n’t actually arrogate the prison is haunted , even though it runs a haunted attracter .
Tour templet Ben Bookmantold NPRthat : " Most hoi polloi making telly shows amount in looking for trace . That ’s not the story we tell . yardbird were real people . These were people ’s lives . Seventy - thousand citizenry spent meter here . We ’re not go to proclaim it , and we ’re not going to make fun of it . "
Next , read aboutDanvers State Hospitaland discover why it ’s ranked among the most infamous asylums . Then , arrest out theBrazen Bull , which is quite perchance history ’s worst torture twist .
Wikimedia CommonsAn 1855 lithograph of the prison’s structure which would serve as a model for hundreds of later prisons.
jpstjohn/FlickrNature taking over the former rec room of Eastern State Penitentiary.
